References from the IGBP Miombo Report


A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z


A

Allan, W. 1965. The African Husbandman. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh.

Allen, J.C. 1986. Soil Properties and Fast-growing Tree Species in Tanzania. Forest Ecology and Management 16: 127-141.

Araki, S. 1992. Effect on Soil Organic Matter and Soil Fertility of the Chitemene Slash-and-Burn Practice Used in Northern Zambia. In K. Mulongoy and R. Merckx, eds. Soil Organic Matter Dynamics and Sustainability of Tropical Agriculture. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, pp. 367-375.


B

Bell, R.H.V. 1982. The Effect of Soil Nutrient Availability on Community Structure in African Ecosystems. In B.J. Huntley and B.H. Walker, eds. Ecology of Tropical Savannas. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 193-216.

Bradley, P.N. and K. McNamara, eds. 1993. Living with Trees: Policies for Forestry Management in Zimbabwe. World Bank Technical Paper Number 210, The World Bank, Washington, DC.

Brown, S. and Lugo, A.E. 1982. The Storage and Production of Organic Matter in Tropical Forests and Their Role in the Global Carbon Cycle. Biotropica 14: 161-197

Bullock, A. 1992. Dambo Hydrology in Southern Africa - Review and Reassessment. Journal of Hydrology 134: 373-396.


C

Campbell, B.M., ed. in press. Woodlands and Welfare in Africa: Miombo Woodlands in Transition. Centre for International Forestry Research, Bogor, Indonesia.

Carter, S.E. and H.K. Murwira. 1995. Spatial Variability in Soil Fertility Management and Crop Response in Mutoko Communal Area, Zimbabwe. Ambio 24: 77-84.

Chidumayo, E.N. 1987a. A Shifting Cultivation Land Use System Under Population Pressure in Zambia. Agroforestry Systems 5: 15-25.

Chidumayo, E.N. 1987b. Woodland Structure, Destruction and Conservation in the Copperbelt Area of Zambia. Biological Conservation 40: 89-100.

Chidumayo, E.N. 1988. A Re-assessment of Effects of Fire on Miombo Regeneration in the Zambian Copperbelt. Journal of Tropical Ecology 4: 361-372.

Chidumayo, E.N. 1990. Above-ground Woody Biomass Structure and Productivity in a Zambezian Woodland. Forest Ecology and Management 36: 33-46

Chidumayo, E.N. 1991. Woody Biomass Structure and Utilisation for Charcoal Production in a Zambian Miombo Woodland. Bioresources Technology 37: 43-52.

Chidumayo, E.N. 1993. Responses of Miombo to Harvesting: Ecology and Management. Stockholm Environment Institute, Stockholm.

Chidumayo, E.N. 1995. Handbook of Miombo Ecology and Management. Stockholm Environment Institute, Stockholm.

Child, G. 1995. Wildlife and People: The Zimbabwean Success. Wisdom Foundation, Harare.

Clark, J.D. and E.M. Van Zinderen Bakker. 1964. Prehistoric Culture and Pleistocene Vegetation at Kalambo Falls, Northern Rhodesia. Nature 201: 971-975.

Clauss, B. 1992. Bees and Beekeeping in the Northwestern Province of Zambia. Mission Press, Ndola.

Coe, M.J., D.H. Cumming, and J. Phillipson. 1976. Biomass and Production of Large African Herbivores in Relation to Rainfall and Primary Production. Oecologia (Berlin) 22: 341-329.

Cole, M. 1986. The Savannas: Biogeography and Geobotany. Academic Press, London.

CSA/CCTA. 1960. CSA Meeting of Specialists on Open Forests in Tropical Africa, Ndola, Northern Rhodesia, 17-23 November 1959. Publication No. 52, Scientific Council for Africa South of the Sahara, London.


D

Desanker, P.V. and I.C. Prentice. 1994. MIOMBO - A Vegetation Dynamics Model for the Miombo Woodlands of Zambezian Africa. Forest Ecology and Management 69: 87-95.

Dewees, P.A. 1994. Social and Economic Aspects of Miombo Woodland Management in Southern Africa: Options and Opportunities for Research. CIFOR Occasional Paper No. 2. Centre for International Forestry Research, Bogor, Indonesia.


E

Eidenshink J.L. and J.C. Faundeen. 1994 . The 1km AVHRR Global Land Data Set: First Stages of Implementation. International Journal of Remote Sensing 15: 3443-3462.

Ernst, W. 1971. Zur _kologie der Miombo-W@lder. Flora 160: 317-331.

Ernst, W. 1975. Variation in the Mineral Content of Leaves of Trees in Miombo Woodland in South Central Africa. Journal of Ecology 63: 801-807.


F

Fishman, J., K. Fakhruzzaman, B. Cros, and D. Nganga. 1991. Identification of Widespread Pollution in the Southern Hemisphere Deduced from Satellite Analyses. Science 252: 1693-1696.

Ford, J. 1971. The Role of Trypanosomiases in African Ecology. Clarendon Press, Oxford.

Freson, R., G. Goffinet, and F. Malaisse. 1974. Ecological Effects of the Regressive Succession Muhulu-Miombo-Savanna in Upper Shaba, Zaire. In Proceedings of the First International Congress of Ecology. Structure, Functioning and Management of Ecosystems (The Hague, September 1974). PUDOC, Wageningen, Netherlands, pp. 365-371.

Frost, P.G.H. in press. The Ecology of Miombo Woodlands. In B.M. Campbell, ed. Woodlands and Welfare in Africa: Miombo Woodlands in Transition. Centre for International Forestry Research, Bogor, Indonesia.

Frost, P., E. Medina, J-C. Menaut, 0. Solbrig, M. Swift, and B. Walker. 1986. Responses of Savannas to Stress and Disturbance. Biology International (Special Issue) 10: 1-78.


G

Goffinet, G. 1976. Icologie Idaphique des IcosystPmes Naturels du Haut-Shaba (ZaVre). III. -Les Peuplements en Termites IpigJs au Niveau des Latosols. Revue d'Icologie et de Biologie du Sol 13: 459-475.

Gornitz, V. 1985. A Survey of Anthropogenic Vegetation Changes in West Africa during the Last Century - Climatic Implications. Climatic Change 7: 285-325.

Gornitz, V. 1987. Climatic Consequences of Anthropogenic Vegetation Changes from 1880-

1980. In M.R. Rampino, J.E. Sanders, W.S. Newman, and L.K. Konigsson, eds. Climate: History, Periodicity, and Predictability. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, pp. 47-69.

Guy, P.R. 1981. Changes in the Biomass and Productivity of Woodlands in the Sengwa Wildlife Research Area, Zimbabwe. Journal of Applied Ecology 18: 507-519.

Guy, P.R. 1989. The Influence of Elephants and Fire on a Brachystegia-Julbernardia Woodland in Zimbabwe. Journal of Tropical Ecology 5: 215-226.


H

Heal, O.W., J-C. Menaut, and W.L. Steffen. 1993. Towards a Global Terrestrial Observing System (GTOS). Detecting and Monitoring Change in Terrestrial Ecosystems. MAB Digest 14 and IGBP Global Change Report 26. Unesco and IGBP, Paris and Stockholm

Henderson-Sellers, A. and M.F. Wilson. 1983. Surface Albedo Data for Climatic Modelling. Review of Geophysics and Space Physics 21: 1743-1778.

H`gberg, P. 1982. Mycorrhizal Associations in Some Woodland and Forest Trees and Shrubs in Tanzania. New Phytologist 92: 407-415.

H`gberg, P. 1992. Root Symbioses of Trees in African Dry Tropical Forests. Journal of Vegetation Science 3: 393-400.

H`gberg, P. and G.D. Piearce. 1986. Mycorrhizas in Zambian trees in Relation to Host Taxonomy, Vegetation Type and Successional Patterns. Journal of Ecology 74: 775-785.

Hot Springs Working Group. 1995. Local-level Economic Valuation of Savanna Woodland Resources: Village Cases from Zimbabwe. IIED Sustainable Agriculture Programme Research Series 3(2): 1-86.

Houghton, R.A. 1990. The Global Effects of Tropical Deforestation. Environmental Science and Technology 24: 414-422.

Houghton, R.A. and D.L. Skole. 1990. Carbon. In B.L. Turner II, W.C. Clark, R.W. Kates, J.F. Richards, J.T. Mathews, and W.B. Meyer, eds. The Earth as Transformed by Human Action: Global and Regional Changes in the Biosphere over the Past 300 Years. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 393-408.

Hulme, M. (ed.) 1996. Climate Change and Southern Africa: an exploration of some potential impacts and implications in the SADC region. A Report Commissioned by WWF International. Climate Research Unit, University of East Anglia, Norwich, U.K.

Huntley, B.J. 1982. Southern African savannas. In B.J. Huntley and B.H. Walker, eds. Ecology of Tropical Savannas. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 101-109.


I

IPCC. 1996. Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change. WMO/UNEP, Geneva.


J

Jachmann, H. 1989. Food Selection by Elephants in the 'Miombo' Biome, in Relation to Leaf Chemistry. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 17: 15-24.

Jachmann, H. and R.H.V. Bell. 1985. Utilization by Elephants of the Brachystegia Woodlands of the Kasungu National Park, Malawi. African Journal of Ecology 23: 245-258.

Janzen, D.H. 1988. Tropical Dry Forests: The Most Endangered Major Tropical Ecosystem. In E.O. Wilson and F.M. Peter, eds. Biodiversity. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, pp. 130-137.

Jolly, D., F. Laarif, and S.P. Harrison (1995). Evaluation of PMIP simulations of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) using pollen and lake data from Africa. American Geophysical Union 1995 Fall Meeting, San Francisco, California, December 11-15, 1995.

Jolly, D., S.P. Harrison, B. Damnati, and R. Bonnefille (in press). Simulated climate and biomes of Africa during the Late Quaternary: comparison with pollen and lake status data. Quaternary Science Reviews, Special Issue (T. Webb III, guest editor)

Jones, J.A. 1989. Environmental Influences on Soil Chemistry in Central Semiarid Tanzania. Soil Science Society of America Journal 53: 1748-1758.

Jones, J.A. 1990. Termites, Soil Fertility and Carbon Cycling in Dry Tropical Africa: a Hypothesis. Journal of Tropical Ecology 6: 291-305.


K

Kendall et al. 1996. (see page 28)

Koch, G.W., R.J. Scholes, W.L. Steffen, P.M. Vitousek, and B.H. Walker. 1995. The IGBP Terrestrial Transects: Science Plan. IGBP Report. No. 36. International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme, Stockholm.


L

Lambin, E.F. 1994. Modelling Deforestation Processes: A Review (TREES Series B: Research Report No. 1). Office for Official Publications of the European Community, Luxembourg.

Lawton, R.M. 1963. Palaeoecological and Ecological Studies in the Northern Province of Northern Rhodesia. Kirkia 3: 46-77.

Lawton, R.M. 1978. A Study of the Dynamic Ecology of Zambian Vegetation. Journal of Ecology 66: 175-198.

Lawton, R.M. 1982. Natural Resources of Miombo Woodland and Recent Changes in Agricultural and Land-use Practices. Forest Ecology and Management 4: 287-297.

Livingstone, D.A. 1971. A 22,000 Year Pollen Record from the Plateau of Zambia. Limnology and Oceanography 16: 349-356.


M

Magadza, C. 1994. Climate change: some likely multiple impacts in southern Africa. Food Policy, 19, 165-191.

Makadho, J.M. 1996. Potential effects of climate change on corn production in Zimbabwe. Climate Research, 6, 147-151.

Malaisse, F. 1973. Contribution B l'Itude de l'IcosystPme ForLt Claire (Miombo). Note 8. -Le Projet Miombo. Annales de UniversitJ d'Abidjan, SJrie E (Icologie) 6: 227-250.

Malaisse, F. 1978a. The Miombo Ecosystem. In Unesco/UNEP/FAO, compilers. Tropical Forest Ecosystems. Unesco, Paris, pp. 589-606.

Malaisse, F. 1978b. High Termitaria. In M.J.A. Werger, ed. Biogeography and Ecology of Southern Africa Vol 2. Junk, The Hague, pp. 1279-1300.

Malaisse, F., R. Freson, G. Goffinet, and M. Malaisse-Mousset. 1975. Litter Fall and Litter Breakdown in Miombo. In F.B. Golley and E. Medina, eds. Tropical Ecological Systems: Trends in Terrestrial and Aquatic Research. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 137-152.

Malaisse, F.P. and M.A. Strand, M.A. 1973. A Preliminary Miombo Forest Seasonal Model. In L. Kern, ed. Modeling Forest Ecosystems. I.B.P. Woodland Workshop, Oak Ridge (USA), pp. 291-295.

Malaisse-Mousset, M., F. Malaisse, and C. Watula. 1970. Le Cycle Biologique d'Elaphrodes lactea (Gaede) (Notodontidae) et son Influence sur l'IcosystPme Miombo. Publication de l'UniversitJ de Lubumbashi (SJrie B: Sciences) 25: 77-85.

Malimbwi, R.E., B. Solberg, and E. Luoga. 1994. Estimation of Biomass and Volume in Miombo Woodland at Kitulangalo Forest Reserve, Tanzania. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 7: 230-242.

Mapiki, A. 1988. Some Special Features of Red Soils of the High Rainfall Area of Zambia with Reference to their Fertility and Management Problems. In K. Nyamapfene, J. Hussein, and K. Asumadu, eds. The Red Soils of East and Southern Africa. International Development Research Centre, Ottawa, pp. 368-378.

Martin, R.B. 1974. Structure, Biomass and Utilization of Vegetation in the Mopane and Miombo woodlands of the Sengwa Wildlife Research Area. Certificate in Field Ecology Thesis, University of Rhodesia (Zimbabwe), Salisbury (Harare).

Matzke, G. 1979. Settlement and Sleeping Sickness Control - A Dual Threshold Model of Colonial and Traditional Methods in East Africa. Society, Science and Medicine 13D: 209-214.

McFarlane, M.J. and R. Whitlow. 1990. Key Factors Affecting the Initiation and progress of Gullying in Dambos in parts of Zimbabwe and Malawi. Land Degradation and Rehabilitation 2: 215-235.

Mtambanengwe, F. and H. Kirchmann. 1995. Litter from a Tropical Savanna Woodland (Miombo): Chemical Composition and C and N Mineralization. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 27: 1639-1651.

Mumeka, A. 1986. Effect of Deforestation and Subsistence Agriculture on Runoff of the Kafue Headwaters, Zambia. Hydrological Sciences Journal 31: 543-554.

Myers, N. 1980. Conversion of Tropical Moist Forests. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.


P

Palo, R.T., J. Gowda, and P. H`gberg. 1993. Species Height and Root Symbiosis, Two Factors Influencing Antiherbivore Defense of Woody Plants in East African Savanna. Oecologia 93: 322-326.

Pegler, D.N. and G.D. Piearce. 1980. The Edible Mushrooms of Zambia. Kew Bulletin 35: 475-491.

Puzo, B. 1978. Patterns of Man-Land Relations. In M.J.A. Werger, ed. Biogeography and Ecology of Southern Africa Vol. 2, Junk, The Hague, pp. 1049-1113.


R

Richards, A.I. 1939. Land, Labour and Diet in Northern Rhodesia. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Richards, P. 1985. Indigenous Agricultural Revolution: Ecology and Food Production in West Africa. Unwin Hyman, London.


S

Savory, B.M. 1963. Site Quality and Tree Root Morphology in Northern Rhodesia. Rhodesian Journal of Agricultural Research 1: 55-64.

Scholes, R.J., J. Kendall, and C.O. Justice. 1996. The Quantity of Biomass Burned in Southern Africa. Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres (in press).

Scholes, R.J., D. Ward, and C.O. Justice. 1996. Emissions of Trace Gases and Aerosol Particles due to Vegetation Burning in Southern Hemisphere Africa. Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres (in press).

Scholes, R.J. and D.O. Hall. (in press). The Carbon Budget of Tropical Grasslands, Savanna and Woodlands. In J. Melillo and A. Breymeyer, eds. Modelling Terrestrial Ecosystems. John Wiley, New York.

Shukla, J., C. Nobre, and P. Sellers. 1990. Amazon Deforestation and Climate Change. Science 247: 1322-1325.

Scott, L. 1982. A Late Quaternary Pollen Record from the Transvaal Bushveld, South Africa. Quaternary Research 17: 339-370.

Scott, L. 1983. Late Quaternary Palaeoenvironments in the Transvaal on the Basis of Palynological Evidence. In J.C. Vogel, ed. Late Cainozoic Palaeoclimates of the Southern Hemisphere. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 317-327

Scott, L. 1984. Palynological Evidence for Quaternary Palaeoenvironments in Southern Africa. In R.G. Klein, ed. Southern African Prehistory and Paleoenvironments. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 65-80.

Seiler, W., R. Conrad, and D. Scharffe. 1984. Field Studies of Methane Emission from Termite Nests into the Atmosphere and Measurements of Methane Uptake by Tropical Soils. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 1: 171-186.

Skole, D. and C. Tucker. 1993. Tropical Deforestation and Habitat Fragmentation in the Amazon: Satellite Data from 1978 to 1988. Science 260: 1905-1910.

Solomon, A.M., I.C. Prentice, R. Leemans, and W.P. Cramer. 1993. The Interaction of Climate and Land Use in Future Terrestrial Carbon Storage and Release. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 70: 595-614.

Starfield, A.M., D.H.M. Cumming, R.D. Taylor, and M.S. Quadling. 1993. A Frame-based Paradigm for Dynamic Ecosystem Models. AI Applications 7 (2&3): 1-13.

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Strang, R.M. 1974. Some Man-made Changes in Successional Trends on the Rhodesian Highveld. Journal of Applied Ecology 111: 249-263.

Stromgaard, P. 1984. The Immediate Effect of Burning and Ash-fertilization. Plant and Soil 80: 307-320.

Stromgaard, P. 1985. Biomass, Growth and Burning of Woodland in a Shifting Cultivation Area of South Central Africa. Forest Ecology and Management 12: 163-178.

Stromgaard, P. 1986. Early Secondary Succession on Abandoned Shifting Cultivator's Plots in the Miombo of South Central Africa. Biotropica 18: 97-106.

Stromgaard, P. 1988. Soil and Vegetation Changes under Shifting Cultivation in the Miombo of East Africa. Geografiska Annaler 70B: 363-374.

Stromgaard, P. 1989. Adaptive Strategies in the Breakdown of Shifting Cultivation: The Case of Mambwe, Lamba, and Lala of Northern Zambia. Human Ecology 17: 427-444.

Swift, M.J., P.G.H. Frost, B.M. Campbell, J.C. Hatton, and K.B. Wilson. 1989. Nitrogen Cycling in Farming Systems Derived from Savanna: Perspectives and Challenges. In M. Clarholm and L. Bergstr`m, eds. Ecology of Arable Land - Perspectives and Challenges. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp. 63-76.

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T

Thomson, P.J. 1975. The Role of Elephants, Fire and Other Agents in the Decline of a Brachystegia boehmii Woodland. Journal of the Southern African Wildlife Management Association 5: 11-18.

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Townshend, J.R.G., C.O. Justice, D.L. Skole, J.P. Malingreau, J. Cihlar, P. Teillet, F. Sadowski, and S. Ruttenberg. 1994. The 1km Resolution Global Data Set: Needs of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme. International Journal of Remote Sensing 17: 3417 - 3442.

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U

Unganai, L.S. 1996. Historic and future climate change in Zimbabwe. Climate Research, 6, 137-145.


V

Van Zinderen Bakker, E.M. and J.D. Clark. 1962. Pleistocene Climates and Cultures in North-eastern Angola. Nature 196: 639-642.

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W

Watson, J.P. 1964. A Soil Catena on Granite in Southern Rhodesia I. Field observations. II. Analytical data. Journal of Soil Science 15: 238-257.

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Webster, R. 1965. A Catena of Soils on the Northern Rhodesia Plateau. Journal of Soil Science 16: 31-43.

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Z

Zimmerman, P.R., J.P. Greenberg, S.O. Wandiga, and P.J. Crutzen. 1982. Termites: A Potentially Large Source of Atmospheric Methane, Carbon Dioxide, and Molecular Hydrogen. Science 218: 563-565.