Data Table 10.1
Food and Agricultural Production, 1982 94
Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), FAOSTAT-PC, on diskette (FAO, Rome, July 1995).
Indexes of agricultural production and food production portray
the disposable output (after deduction for feed and seed) of a
country s agriculture sector relative to the base period 1979 81.
For a given year and country, the index is calculated as the
disposable average output of a commodity in terms of weight or
volume during the period of interest multiplied by the 1979 81
average national producer price per unit. The index represents
the total value of the commodity for that period in terms of the
1979 81 price. The values of all crop and livestock products are
totaled to yield an aggregated value of agricultural production
in 1979 81 prices. The ratio of this aggregate for a given year
to that for 1979 81 is multiplied by 100 to obtain the index
number.
The multiplication of disposable outputs with the 1979 81 unit
value eliminates inflationary or deflationary distortion.
However, the base period s relative prices among the individual
commodities are also preserved. Especially in economies with high
inflation, price patterns among agricultural commodities can
change dramatically over time.
The continental and world index values for a given year are calculated by totaling the disposable outputs of all relevant countries for each agricultural commodity. Each of these aggregates is multiplied by a respective 1979 81 average international producer price and is then summed to give a total agricultural output value for that region or for the world in terms of 1979 81 prices. This method avoids distortion caused by the use of international exchange rates.
The agricultural production index includes all crop and livestock
products originating in each country. The food production index
covers all edible agricultural products that contain nutrients.
Coffee and tea are excluded.
Average production of cereals includes cereal production for feed and seed. Crop yields (average yields of cereals and average yields of roots and tubers ) are calculated from production and area data. Area refers to the area harvested. Cereals comprise all cereals harvested for dry grain, exclusive of crops cut for hay or harvested green. Roots and tubers cover all root crops grown principally for human consumption; root crops grown principally for feed are excluded.
Data Table 10.2
Agricultural Inputs, 1981 93
Sources: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), FAOSTAT-PC, on diskette (FAO, Rome, July 1995). Per capita figures: United Nations Population Division, Interpolated National Populations, 1950 2025 (The 1994 Revision ), on diskette (U.N., New York, 1995).
Cropland refers to land under temporary and permanent crops, temporary meadows, market and kitchen gardens, and temporarily fallow land. Permanent cropland is land under crops that do not need to be replanted after each harvest, such as cocoa, coffee, fruit trees, rubber, and vines. Human population data used to calculate hectares per capita are for 1993. For trends in cropland area, see Data Table 9.1.
Irrigated land as a percentage of cropland refers to areas purposely provided with water, including land flooded by river water for crop production or pasture improvement, whether or not this area is irrigated several times or only once during the year.
Annual fertiliz er use refers to the application of nutrients in terms of nitrogen (N), phosphate (P2 O5 ), and potash (K2 O). The fertilizer year is July 1 June 30; data refer to the year beginning in July.
Tractors generally refer to wheeled and crawler tractors used in agriculture. Garden tractors are excluded. Harvesters refer to harvesters and threshers.
Data Table 10.3
Livestock Populations and Grain Consumed as Feed, 1982 94
Sources: Livestock data: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), FAOSTAT-PC, on diskette (FAO, Rome, July 1995). Feed data: Economic Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), PS&D View, on-line bulletin board service (USDA, Washington, D.C., 1995).
Data on livestock include all animals in the country, regardless of place or purpose of their breeding. Data on livestock numbers are collected annually by FAO; estimates are made by FAO for countries that either do not report data or only partially report data. Equines include horses, mules, and asses. For some countries, data on chickens include all poultry. Grain fed to livestock as percent of total grain consumption was calculated using USDA grain consumption and feed numbers. Grains include wheat, rice (milled weight), corn, barley, sorghum, millet, rye, oats, and mixed grains. Grain consumption is the total domestic use during the local marketing year of the individual country. It is the sum of feed, food, seed, and industrial uses.
Data Table 10.4
Food Trade and Aid, 1981 93
Sources: Trade and food aid data: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) , FAOSTAT-PC, on diskette (FAO, Rome, July 1995). Population data: United Nations Population Division, Interpolated National Populations, 1950 2025 (The 1994 Revision ), on diskette (U.N., New York, 1995).
Figures shown for food trade are net imports or exports. Exports were subtracted from imports.
Two definitions of trade are used by countries reporting trade
data. Special trade refers only to imports for domestic
consumption and exports of domestic goods. General trade
encompasses total imports and total exports, including reexports.
In some cases, trade figures include goods purchased by a country
that are reexported to a third country without ever entering the
purchasing country. For information on the definition used by a
particular country, see FAO Trade Yearbook 1994 (FAO, Rome,
1995).
Average annual donations or receipts of food aid are shown as
either positive or negative numbers: receipts are shown as
positive numbers; donations are expressed as negative numbers.
For some countries that are both recipients and donors of food
aid, donations were subtracted from receipts.
Trade in cereals includes wheat and wheat flour, rice, barley, maize, rye, and oats. Trade in oils includes oils from soybeans, groundnuts (peanuts), olives, cottonseeds, sunflower seeds, rape or mustard seeds, linseeds, palms, coconuts, palm kernels, castor beans, and maize, as well as animal oils, fats, and greases (including lard). Trade in pulses includes all kinds of dried leguminous vegetables, with the exception of vetches and lupins.
Food aid refers to the donation or concessional sale of food
commodities . Cereals i nclude wheat, rice, coarse grains, bulgur
wheat, wheat flour, and the cereal component of blended foods.
Cereal donations or receipts (kilograms per capita ) are the
result of dividing the 3-year averages by the population averages
provided by the United Nations Population Division. Oils include
vegetable oil and butter oil. Milk includes skimmed milk powder
and other dairy products (mainly cheese).
Food aid data are reported by donor countries and international
organizations.